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The area includes 13 island nations, from the Bahamas in the north to Trinidad and Tobago in the south; Belize, which is geographically situated in Central America; and the 2 nations of Guyana and Suriname, located on the north central coast of South America. Numerous countries in the area share a typical African ethnic and British colonial heritage, while Cuba and the Dominican Republic were Spanish nests, Haiti was French, and Suriname was Dutch. The dates of self-reliance of these countries vary from Haiti in 1804 to St. Kitts and Nevis in 1983. The biggest countries in regards to land location are Guyana and Suriname, while those with the largest populations are Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti.
Politically, all Caribbean nations, with the exception of communist Cuba, have elected democratic governments. Many of the former British colonies have parliamentary forms of government, with the exception of Guyana, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Suriname, which are republics headed by presidents. In terms of regional integration, 14 of the area's independent nations belong to the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), with the exception of the Dominican Republic (which has observer status) and Cuba. CARICOM was formed in 1973 to spur https://www.inhersight.com/companies/best?_n=112289281 local financial integration. Some critics argue that it has actually been slow to promote integration, compared to other local economic groupings, however progress has actually been made in moving toward a single economic market and in developing a Caribbean Court of Justice.
The six OECS nations also share a common currency, the Eastern Caribbean dollar, with financial policy managed by the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank. The Caribbean Advancement Bank (CDB), headquartered in Barbados, promotes economic development and regional combination. With the exception of Cuba and Haiti, routine elections have been the standard, and for the many part have actually been totally free and reasonable. In 2005, Dominica and Suriname held elections in May, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines held elections in December. Haiti was anticipated to ethan wfg hold elections in 2005, but significant issues and political instability resulted in those elections being held off numerous times, up until they were ultimately hung on February 7, 2006.
Successful elections eventually were held on August 28, 2006, without the political violence that some Browse this site observers had prepared for. Looking ahead, parliamentary elections are due in St. Lucia by December 2006, while elections in the Bahamas, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago are due in 2007. (See for a listing of leaders and elections for head of government.) Although lots of Caribbean countries have actually kept long democratic customs, they are not immune from terrorist and other dangers to their political stability. In 1993, stability on St. Kitts was threatened following violent protests after challenged elections; order was brought back with the support of security forces from surrounding states.
Previously in the 1980s, the government of Eugenia Charles in Dominica was threatened by an unusual coup plot involving foreign mercenaries. And obviously, Grenada, under the socialist-oriented federal government of Maurice Bishop, experienced a break from the democratic standard after it assumed power in a nearly bloodless coup in 1979 and installed a people's revolutionary federal government. After the violent topple and murder of Bishop in 1983, the United States stepped in to bring back order and end the Cuban existence on the island. Many Caribbean nations experienced a financial downturn in 2001-2002 due to recessions in the tourism and agriculture sectors, although the majority of Caribbean economies have actually rebounded considering that 2003.
economic recession and sluggish recovery. The banana and sugar sectors in the Eastern Caribbean were damaged by a tropical storm in 2002 and a dry spell in 2003. Both sectors face uncertain futures in light of the European Union's strategy to phase out preferred market access from previous Caribbean colonies for bananas by 2006 and for sugar by 2009. The Haitian economy experienced decline start in 2001, with political instability worsening currently challenging financial conditions in the hemisphere's poorest nation. The strongest carrying out economies in the last few years have been those of the Dominican Republic, sustained by the apparel sector, and Trinidad and Tobago, with considerable energy resources.
In 2004 and 2005, the area's strongest economic entertainers averaging development rates over 5% for those two years, were Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. Those countries not faring well in 2004 because of ravaging cyclones and tropical storms included Haiti, with a 3. 5%% decline in gdp (GDP), and Grenada, with a GDP decrease of 3%. For 2005, however, Grenada's economy rebounded with growth over 5%, while Haiti's development was 1. 8%. In Guyana, economic development has been stagnant or minimal over the past several years. In 2005, the economy declined 3% since of high oil costs and floods, which early in the year significantly affected farming and mining activities.
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Nevertheless, some observers have actually also been worried about the area's high level of public financial obligation, with numerous Caribbean countries having financial obligation levels that surpass 100% of their GDP. U.S. interests in the Caribbean are varied, and include financial, political, and security concerns. Throughout the Cold War, security issues tended to eclipse other policy interests. In the after-effects of the Cold War, other U.S. policy interests emerged from the shadow of the East-West dispute in the Caribbean that concentrated on issues about the Soviet and Cuban hazard. U.S. policy top priorities shifted from one emphasizing security issues to a new focus on strengthened economic relations through trade and financial investment.
interest in the Caribbean. The Administration describes the Caribbean as America's "3rd border," with occasions in the area having a direct influence on the homeland security of the United States. It describes Caribbean nations as "vital partners on security, trade, health, the environment, education, local democracy, and other hemispheric issues." The United States has close relations with many Caribbean nations, with the exception of Cuba under Fidel Castro. The U.S.-Caribbean relationship is characterized by comprehensive financial linkages, cooperation on counter-narcotics efforts and security, and a large U.S. foreign assistance program supporting a range of tasks to strengthen democracy, promote financial development and development, ease poverty, and fight the AIDS epidemic in the area. Custom-mades and Border Security of the Department of Homeland Security. The CSI program helps guarantee that high-risk containers are recognized and checked at foreign ports before they are placed on vessels for shipment to the United States. In September 2006, 3 Caribbean ports became operational CSI ports: Caucedo, Dominican Republic; Kingston, Jamaica; and Freeport, Bahamas. Other Latin American ports in the CSI program are the Main American port of Puerto Cortes, Honduras, and the South American ports of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Santos, Brazil. In the 108th Congress, a legal initiative called for extra foreign support in order to enhance foreign port security worldwide, but no final action was completed prior to the end of the session.
2279 (Hollings), in September 2004, which would have attended to the Administrator of the Maritime Administration, in coordination with the Secretary of State, to determine foreign help programs that could assist in application of port security antiterrorism measures in foreign nations. The act also would have called for a report on the security of ports in the Caribbean Basin, including an evaluation of the effectiveness of the measures used to improved security at such ports and an assessment of the resources and program modifications needed to make the most of security at Caribbean Basin ports. In the 109th Congress, two expenses would offer foreign assistance programs for Caribbean Basin ports.
744 (Nelson, Costs), presented April 11, 2005, would develop a Caribbean Basin Port Help Program. Under the legislative initiative, the Administrator of MARAD in the Department of Transportation, in coordination with the Secretary of State, would identify foreign support programs that could facilitate implementation of port security antiterrorism measures at Caribbean Basin ports. The Administrator and the Secretary would develop a program for such assistance in assessment with the Company of American States. In addition, the Secretary of Homeland Security would be required to submit a report to Congress on status of port security in Caribbean Basin countries. S. 1052 (Stevens), the Transport Security Improvement Act of 2005, includes a provision (Area 504) that would develop a program to help with execution of port security antiterrorism procedures in foreign nations, with particular emphasis on ports in the Caribbean Basin; this expense was introduced May 17, 2005, and reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transport on February 27, 2006 (S.Rept.
2791 (Stevens), presented May 11, 2006. Rising criminal activity is a significant security challenge throughout the Caribbean. The murder rate in Jamaica continues to skyrocket, with 1,445 individuals eliminated in 2004 and more than 1,600 people in 2005. With rate of 60 murders per 100,000 occupants in 2005, Jamaica had the highest murder rate in the world. In late February 2006, Jamaicans were surprised over the harsh killings of six relative, consisting