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    Medieval animals edited by alex pluskowski ______________ a few words about animals… alex pluskowski a few ______________ medieval zooarchaeology: what are ufarozaopt.Ru trying to do? Terry o'connor 3-21 ______________ the king of all beasts - the beast of all kings lions in anglo-saxon coinage and art anna gannon 22-36 ______________ the role of zooarchaeology in the execution of socio-economic status: a debate addressing medieval europe steve ashby 37–59

    Reinterpreting the witham bowl and animal photographs paul sorrell 60–79 ______________ black rat and plague graham twigg 80–98 ______________ love letters to bare bones: a comparison of two types of evidence for animal use in medieval novgorod mark brisbane and mark maltby 99-119 ______________ birds in the stream of consciousness: riddles 7-10 of audrey meaney's exeter book 120-152 ______________ hares with crossbows and rabbit bones: combining physiological and conceptual approaches to familiarizing medieval fauna. Alex pluskowski 153–182 ______________ retrieval reviews previous editions and notes to authors 183–213

    Archeological review from cambridge department of arc geology, downing street, cambridge, cb2 3dz, uk www.Cam .Ac.Uk/society/arc/ volume 18 medieval animals theme editor chairs reviewers editors treasurer and advertisers production team

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    Alex pluskowski alex pluskowski mary-kate garden suzanne hackenbeck katie serpa miranda semple alex pluskowski dave barrowclough, pip patrick alex pluskowski, mary-kate garden, pip patrick, susanna hackenbeck, katie serpa, sandy pullen, kevin lane, rachel giraudeau, david beresford-jones, alex pluskowski

    Published 2002 (revised 2004). Copyright remains with the authors. The views expressed in the contributions do not imply those of the editors, either individually or collectively. Issn 0261-4332 printed and bound by victoire press, bar hill, cambridge. Arc subscription information is published twice at the moment. Subscription bills are as follows:

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    For p&p, add £1 for uk, £2 for europe and £3.50 for overseas. See pages 211-212 for prices and availability of older and standalone issues. Payment must be made by check or money order in pounds sterling to: archaeological review from cambridge.

    A few words about animals… alex pluskowski, department of archaeology, university of cambridge

    Recent editions of the archaeological review from cambridge are dedicated to specific topics: they present opportunities for integrating a range of sources and points of view and encourage a shift from the multidisciplinary to the interdisciplinary. This is especially important for those who study the middle ages, where a huge amount of data is subdivided into many disciplines. This question is not interdisciplinary in the sense that it aims to reconstruct a certain medieval context from a single point of view, but its spirit is certainly interdisciplinary. Thus, the articles represent (with some bias!) The three main branches of medieval studies: archeology, art criticism and history (including documentary and literary sources). Many articles combine different sums from different sources and paradigms, and my own contribution takes a closer look at the challenges and opportunities for integration. The detailed study of medieval animals is becoming increasingly popular; human relations with the natural world in the past were usually taken for granted: dogs and sheep fill the backdrops of farms and fields, people ride horses everywhere, wolves hide in the misty fringes of dark forests, and rats scurry about in wine cellars. Clichés aside, it is widely and implicitly acknowledged that animals played a fundamental role in all aspects of medieval life, while the detailed natural histories of species or even the "life histories" of individuals in a medieval context had not yet become a coherent body of research (with some notable exceptions). , Such as yalden 1999). Medievalists always focus on the relationship between man and animals, even when discussing natural history, but they cannot be separated, especially in the middle ages. This does not detract from the importance of animals as "agents" in their own right—as primary sources of inspiration, environmental catalysts, and, in terms of physical remains, environmental indicators.To take a modern example: alger

    A few words about animals…

    And alger (1999), in an ethnographic study of a cat shelter, concluded that its social structure was in ultimately determined by the choices made by cats against the backdrop of human-cat and cat-cat relationships. The body of evidence for the reconstruction of human-animal and animal relationships in a medieval context is enormous; ranging from discarded butchered carcasses and industrial waste to heraldic emblems, marginal manuscripts and discussions or passing references to animals in theological texts. Combined with counterparts from other spatial and temporal contexts, it is likely that studies of medieval animals could potentially draw on the largest data set for any medieval element. Thus, this volume is an important contribution to the growing body of research on animals in the middle ages, presents various points of view, intentionally not all "archaeological", and will hopefully stimulate further discussion, experimentation, speculation and, ultimately, integration. Bibliography alger, j. M. And alger, s. F. 1999. Cat culture, human culture: an ethnographic study of a cat shelter. Society and animals, 7(3): 199–218. Yalden, d. W. 1999. A natural history of british mammals. London: poyser.

    Medieval zooarchaeology: what are we trying to do? Terry o'connor, dept. Of archeology, university of york

    One particularly rich source of information about medieval animals comes from their physical remains, often a large number of bone fragments that have been discovered or at least potentially recoverable . From excavated deposits. This is not the place to repeat the many lines of research that may be based on evidence from animal bones. Sources such as chaix and méniel (1996), reitz and wing (1999), and o'connor (2000) provide a general overview of the discipline. The purpose of this article is to discuss some of the research challenges that seem to have defined medieval zooarchaeology in northwestern europe over the past few decades. I say "seems" because much of what has been posted is site-specific reporting, the main purpose of which is to describe and interpret what was found on a particular site. In this respect, the zooarchaeology of medieval sites does not differ from that of prehistoric sites, and one of the purposes of this essay is to determine whether there is anything special in medieval zooarchaeology, either in approach or in results. In medieval archeology, we often have documented records, and we can assume that the social and economic context is closer to that in which we live today than the context of, for example, the neolithic complex. Does this affect our interpretation of the material? Does medieval zooarchaeology lean toward a hypothetical-deductive paradigm with access to often highly detailed documentary records concerning livestock, butchers, and other animal https://hotties.club products? To set the parameters, this highly selective survey is limited to europe north of the alps and west of the oder. It is believed that the "middle ages" begins when the period of migration of peoples calms down and cities begin to revive, around the end of the seventh century ad. The end of the medieval period in britain is considered to be the military coup that brought the tudors to power in 1485. For present purposes, this is an overly restrictive and limited endpoint, and

    Some more recent research has been included. For reasons of linguistic competence or lack of it, the study draws quite heavily on works published or abstracted in english, french and dutch. German colleagues, in particular, may consider that a significant amount of work published in this language is underrepresented. No small intentions. The research topics that make up the structure of this article are not a definitive or exclusive list. These are topics that seem to me to be among the main ones that medieval zooarchaeology either sought to explore or has the potential to do so. The examples provided here are not meant to be a comprehensive overview of major projects or best practices, but merely illustrative examples. Origins of medieval cities at the end of the seventh century, population centers reemerged, which we might call "cities." Whether or not animal products were involved in the trade and exchange that took place through these emerging centers, their populations had to be fed, but mostly they did not participate directly in agricultural production.Therefore, an important question is to determine how these most fundamental resources were obtained. This topic has been discussed with particular reference to cities in the south and east of england in jennifer bourdillon's (1988) exemplary studies of southampton, pam crabtree's studies of east anglia (1989; 1990; 1996), and this author's paper in york. (1994). In general, these studies have used zooarchaeological data to test, and for the most part, to support models of elite redistribution and supply. More recently, roskams and saunders (2001) have proposed a different analysis based on an overtly marxist view of the development of social and economic relations. It should be noted that these various authors have developed their analysis more on the basis of general economic models than on the basis of specific, based on historical